Adverb

7th February 2011

hello guys..
welcome back to uitm!
how's yours holiday??
naaa,let me guess..very bored & tension,is it??
yeah! absolutely..
a lot of assignment need to done it..
(depends on my experiece actually! ) wawa :P
i have no time to spend my time hang out with my friends n family..All my holidays finished with nothing..i'm struggle to finishing all my assignment..but unfortunately,i can't to finish it..OMG!! uarghh!! but... all things run smoothly..Alhamdulillah,my assignment already submit! yeay!! ^__^

ok,ok..Back to our discussion about adverb.

What is an ADVERB??

An adverb is a word that tells us more about a verb. It "qualifies" or "modifies" a verb (The man ran quickly). In the following examples, the adverb is in bold and the verb that it modifies is in italics.

Adlina speaks loudly. (How does Adlina speak?)

Afterwards she smoked a cigarette. (When did she smoke?)

Atiqah lives locally. (Where does Atiqah live?)

But adverbs can also modify adjectives (Tara is really beautiful), or even other adverbs (It works very well). Look at these examples:

• Modify an adjective:
  - He is really handsome. (How handsome is he?)
  - That was extremely kind of you.
• Modify another adverb:
  - She drives incredibly slowly. (How slowly does she drive?)
  - He drives extremely fast.

Note that adverbs have other functions, too. They can:

• Modify a whole sentence: Obviously, I can't know everything.
• Modify a prepositional phrase: It's immediately inside the door.

We make many adverbs by adding -ly to an adjective, for example:

• quick (adjective) > quickly (adverb)
• careful (adjective) > carefully (adverb)
• beautiful (adjective) > beautifully (adverb)

There are some basic rules about spelling for -ly adverbs. See the table below:

Adjective ending	do this	adjective	adverb
most adjectives	add -ly	quick nice sole careful	quickly nicely solely carefully
-able or -ible	change -e to -y	regrettable horrible	regrettably horribly
-y	change -y to -ily	happy	happily
-ic	change -ic to -ically	economic	economically

But not all words that end in -ly are adverbs. The words friendly, lovely, lonely and neighbourly, for example, are all adjectives.
And some adverbs have no particular form. Look at these examples:

• well, fast, very, never, always, often, still

Note that the form of an adverb can also change to make it comparative or superlative.

Kinds of Adverbs

Here you can see the basic kinds of adverbs.

Adverbs of Manner

Adverbs of Manner tell us the manner or way in which something happens. They answer the question "how?". Adverbs of Manner mainly modify verbs.

• He speaks slowly. (How does he speak?)
• They helped us cheerfully. (How did they help us?)
• Ahmad drives his cars fast. (How does Ahmad drive his cars?)

We normally use Adverbs of Manner with dynamic (action) verbs, not with stative or state verbs.

• He ran fast. She came quickly. They worked happily.

Adverbs of Place

Adverbs of Place tell us the place where something happens. They answer the question "where?". Adverbs of Place mainly modify verbs.

• Please sit here. (Where should I sit?)
• They looked everywhere. (Where did they look?)
• Two cars were parked outside. (Where were two cars parked?)

Adverbs of Time

Adverbs of Time tell us something about the time that something happens. Adverbs of Time mainly modify verbs.
They can answer the question "when?":

• He came yesterday. (When did he come?)
• I want it now. (When do I want it?)

Or they can answer the question "how often?":

• They deliver the newspaper daily. (How often do they deliver the newspaper?)
• We sometimes watch a movie. (How often do we watch a movie?)

Adverbs of Degree

Adverbs of Degree tell us the degree or extent to which something happens. They answer the question "how much?" or "to what degree?". Adverbs of Degree can modify verbs, adjectives and other adverbs.

• She entirely agrees with him. (How much does she agree with him?)
• Mary is very beautiful. (To what degree is Mary beautiful? How beautiful is Mary?)
• He drove quite dangerously. (To what degree did he drive dangerously? How dangerously did he drive?)

Adverb Position

When an adverb modifies a verb, there are usually 3 possible positions within the sentence or clause:

1. FRONT - before subject		Now	I will read a book.
2. MID - between subject + verb	I	often	read books.
3. END - after verb/object	I read books	carefully.

When an adverb modifies an adjective or another adverb, it usually goes in front of the word that it modifies, for example:

	adverb	adjective
She gave him a	really	dirty	look.
	adverb	adverb
We	quite	often	study English.

The position of an adverb often depends on the kind of adverb (manner, place, time, degree). The following table gives you some guidelines for placement based on the kind of adverb. 

Warning: these are guidelines only, and not complete. There are many exceptions.
kind of adverb		mainly modifies	sentence			usual position
				adverb
manner		verbs	She stroked his hair	gently.		END
place		verbs	He was working	here.		END
time	definite	verbs	He finished the job	yesterday.		END
	frequency		We	often	go to Paris.	MID
degree		verbs, adjectives and adverbs	I	nearly	died.	MID
			It was	terribly	funny.	before adjective
			He works	really	fast.	before adverb